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A voiceless uvular fricative is a type of sound that is used in some spoken . The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is either a Latin or Greek-style chi, . The historical IPA symbol for this sound was , a turned small capital R, and was officially changed to in 1928. In Americanist phonetic notation the sound is represented by (ex with underdot), or sometimes by (ex with caron). In broad transcription it may be transcribed , or if Rhotic consonant.
| Afrikaans: "White South African English is one of very few varieties to have a velar fricative phoneme (see ), but this is only in words borrowed from Afrikaans (...) and Khoisan (...). Many speakers use the Afrikaans uvular fricative rather than the velar." | goed | 'good' | Varies between a fricative and a fricative trill when word-initial. See Afrikaans phonology. | ||
| Armenian | խաղ | 'game' | |||
| Azerbaijani | sanca q | 'pin' | Colloquial pronunciation of word-final q. | ||
| Breton language | Some speakers | c'hwe c'h | 'six' | ||
| Chuvash language | хăна / | 'guest' | |||
| Danish language | Standard | Danish alphabet]] | 'pressure' | Before , aspiration of is realized as devoicing of . Usually transcribed in IPA with . See Danish phonology. | |
| English language | Scouse | clo ck | 'clock' | Possible word-final realization of ; varies between a fricative and a fricative trill. | |
| ne ck | 'neck' | ||||
| Welsh English | Amlw ch | 'Amlwch' | Occurs only in loanwords from Welsh; usually transcribed in IPA with . See English phonology | ||
| White South African | go gga | 'insect' | Less commonly velar , occurs only in loanwords from Afrikaans and Khoisan. Usually transcribed in IPA with . See White South African English phonology and English phonology. | ||
| French language | t rès | 'very' | Allophone of in contact with voiceless consonants. See French phonology | ||
| German language | Standard German, footnote 7, citing | Da ch | 'roof' | Appears only after certain . See Standard German phonology | |
| Chemnitz dialect | Rock | 'skirt' | In free variation with , , and . Does not occur in coda. | ||
| Lower Rhine | Wi rte | 'hosts' | In free variation with between a vowel and a voiceless coronal consonant. | ||
| Hebrew language | rtl=yes / | 'king' | Usually a fricative trill. See Modern Hebrew phonology. | ||
| Luxembourgish | Zu ch | 'train' | See Luxembourgish phonology. | ||
| Portuguese | General Brazilian | rompimento | 'rupture' (noun) | Some dialects, corresponds to rhotic consonant . See Portuguese phonology. | |
| Ripuarian | a ch | 'eight' | Allophone of after back vowels. Fronted to or after front vowels and consonants. It may be transcribed in IPA with . See Colognian phonology, Kerkrade dialect phonology and Hard and soft G in Dutch | ||
| Spanish language | Ponce dialect | pe rro | 'dog' | This and are the primary realizations of in this dialect. See Spanish phonology. | |
| Tlingit language | Tlingit alphabet]] | 'from, out of' | Occurs plain, Labialization, ejective, and labialised ejective. | ||
| Turkmen language | Turkmen alphabet]] | 'snow' | |||
| Welsh language | chwe ch | 'six' | See Welsh phonology. | ||
| Yiddish language | rtl=yes | 'I' | See Yiddish phonology. | ||
Although they are not normally differentiated in studies, languages in which they have been (Hebrew language, Wolof language, as well as the northern and central varieties of European Spanish) have been found to specifically possess the fricative trill. The fricative-trill can be transcribed as (a Voicelessness and raised uvular trill) in IPA. It is found as either the fortis counterpart of (which itself is voiceless at least in Northern Standard Dutch language: ) or the sole dorsal fricative in Northern SD and regional dialects and languages of the Netherlands (Dutch Low Saxon and West Frisian) spoken above the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Waal (sometimes termed the Rotterdam–Nijmegen Line). A plain fricative that is articulated slightly further front, as either medio-velar or post-palatal is typical of dialects spoken south of the rivers (mainly Brabantian and Limburgish but excluding Ripuarian and the dialect of Bergen op Zoom), including Belgian SD. In those dialects, the voiceless uvular fricative trill is one of the possible realizations of the phoneme .. have also found that frication is much more commonly in the velar region in dialects and language varieties with "hard G", though they do not distinguish between trilled and non-trilled fricatives in their study., cited in See Hard and soft G in Dutch for more details.
The frication in the fricative trill variant sometimes occurs at the middle or the back of the soft palate (termed velar or mediovelar and post-velar, respectively), rather than the uvula itself. This is the case in Northern Standard Dutch as well as some varieties of Arabic language, Limburgish and Madrid Spanish language. It may thus be appropriate to call those variants voiceless (post)velar-uvular fricative trill as the trill component is always uvular (velar trills are not physically possible). The corresponding IPA symbol is (a devoiced, raised and advanced uvular trill, where the "advanced" diacritic applies only to the fricative portion of the sound). Thus, in cases where a dialectal variation between voiceless uvular and velar fricatives is claimed the main difference between the two may be the trilling of the uvula as frication can be velar in both cases - compare Northern Dutch acht 'eight' (with a postvelar-uvular fricative trill) with Southern Dutch or , which features a non-trilled fricative articulated at the middle or front of the soft palate.
For a voiceless pre-uvular fricative (also called post-velar), see voiceless velar fricative.
| Afrikaans: "White South African English is one of very few varieties to have a velar fricative phoneme (see ), but this is only in words borrowed from Afrikaans (...) and Khoisan (...). Many speakers use the Afrikaans uvular fricative rather than the velar." | goed | 'good' | Varies between a fricative and a fricative trill when word-initial. See Afrikaans phonology. | ||
| Arabic language | rtl=yes | 'green' (f.) | Fricative trill with velar frication. May be transcribed in IPA with . See Arabic phonology | ||
| Dutch language | Standard Northern | a cht | 'eight' | Fricative trill with post-velar frication. May be transcribed in IPA with . See Dutch phonology and Hard and soft G in Dutch | |
| Flemish dialects | b rood | 'bread' | Voiced when following a vowel. Realization of varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology | ||
| English language | Scouse | clo ck | 'clock' | Possible word-final realization of ; varies between a fricative and a fricative trill. | |
| ne ck | 'neck' | ||||
| Hebrew language | rtl=yes / | 'king' | Usually a fricative trill. See Modern Hebrew phonology. | ||
| Limburgish | Some dialects | wao r | 'was' | Allophone of that has been variously described as occurring in the syllable coda and word-final. May be only partially devoiced; frication may be uvular or post-velar. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect. See Maastrichtian dialect phonology and Hard and soft G in Dutch | |
| Low German | Dutch Low Saxon | a cht | 'eight' | Fricative trill with post-velar frication; voiceless counterpart of . May be transcribed in IPA with . See Hard and soft G in Dutch | |
| Spanish language | European Spanish | o jo | 'eye' | Fricative trill; frication is velar in Madrid. Occurs in northern and central varieties. Most often, it is transcribed with in IPA. See Spanish phonology. | |
| Upper Sorbian | Sorbian alphabet]] | 'fault' | Fricative trill. | ||
| West Frisian | ber ch | 'mountain' | Fricative trill with post-velar frication; voiceless counterpart of . Never occurs in word-initial positions. May be transcribed in IPA with . See West Frisian phonology | ||
| Wolof language | ña x | 'grass' | Fricative trill. | ||
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